The following was translated by Google Translate from Chinese to English http://bbs.wuyou.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=322662&extra=page%3D1&page=1 WARNING: some formatting errors may be present. Numbersgrub4dos numbers can be specified as:
decimal - e.g. set /a num=255
decimal plus quantifier - e.g. set /a num=2k, set /a num=0x2k (k m g t are recognised where k=1024, m=1048576, g=1073741824, t=1099511627776)
hex - e.g. set /a num=0xff
octal - e.g. echo -e \61 (max \377 = 255 decimal) only for certain commands such as echo -e and cat - e.g. cat --locate=\40 (hd0)0+1 to find spaces (20 hex) in MBR
if 0x31z==49z echo SAME
if 0x1ky==1024z echo SAME
if 0x10ky==16384z echo SAME
If number ends with an unrecognised character it is treated as a terminator.
Part 1 - ls, find, root, rootnoverify, map, cdrom, cat, cmp, dd, write, read, calc, checktime, echo, pager, clearls Similar to the Linux ls command, similar to the dir command under Dos, list files and directories in the current directory (working directory) under
ls /boot Lists the current directory (working directory) under names beginning with boot files and directories, do not use ls boot, it is only valid in the root directory.
ls /boot / Lists the current directory boot directory of files and directories, do not use ls boot /, it is only valid in the root directory.
ls (hd0,0) / Lists (hd0,0) files and directories, do not use ls (hd0,0), it is only valid in (hd0,0) for the current disk.
ls dev Drive a list of all lists (not including drive partition)
ls /boot /> nul && echo exist Determine the directory /boot /exists, if it exists, then the output exist (this method is invalid for an empty directory) ls /boot> nul && echo exist! echo not exist Determine whether there is a file name of the current directory (working directory) to boot the beginning of the file or directory, if it exists, then the output exist, otherwise the output not exist
ls (hd0,0) /boot /> nul && echo exist! echo not exist Judgment directory (hd0,0) /boot /exists, if it exists, then the output exist, otherwise the output not exist
[Note: If no file folder, for the ls command is concerned that the folder does not exist. ]
[Note: Due to the illusion of the file name of the directory, the directory is called with the /generated by (ud) does not exist, so ls (ud) /time, lists (ud) all the files, but ls (ud) /boot /they can list all files in /boot /under, because the file names of these files are in /boot /beginning]
============================== debug on find List all disks (disks, including partitions) (debug off = silent mode)
debug on find +1 Lists all known file system disk (debug off = silent mode)
debug on Lists all partitions of partition type 0x07 (NTFS) (debug off = silent mode)
find /ntldr checkrange 0x07 parttype Find the partition type is 0x07 (NTFS) partitions which have /ntldr file and list partitions found.
find --set-root /ntldr Finds equipment /ntldr file, the device is set to first found device, the current device is searched first.
find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /ntldr Finds equipment /ntldr file, the device is set to first find the current device. Ignore the floppy and CD-ROM.
find --set-root --devices=upnhcf /ntldr Finds equipment /ntldr file, the device is set to first find the current device. Specify search order: ud, pxe, network equipment, hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk. The current root is always searched first.
find --set-root --devices=upnh /ntldr Finds equipment /ntldr file, the device is set to first find the current device. Specifies the search order, and ignore the floppy and CD-ROM.
find --set-root ls /grub/ Finds /grub/ directory of the device, the device is set to first find the current device. /grub /directory can not be empty, otherwise it will ignore the directory.
debug on Find first active primary partition, current device is searched first. (debug off = silent mode)
find --set-root=/boot/grub /boot/grub/menu.lst Find device contains /boot/grub/menu.lst, current device searched first, and set the working directory to /boot /grub find root Finds all formatted partitions and lists them... (requires 2016 or later version) (hd0,0) Filesystem type is ntfs, partition type 0x07 ======== root Displays the current device name and related information.
root (hd0,0) The (hd0,0) as the current disk, the working directory is /, effects and root = (hd0,0)/ .
root (hd-1,0) The (hd-1,0) is first ptn of last hard disk, set as the current disk, root working directory is /
root (hd0,0)/boot The (hd0,0) as the current disk, the working directory is /BOOT, effects and root = (hd0,0)/boot/ .
root ()/boot Modify the working directory is /BOOT directory under the current disk, effects and root = ()/boot.
root (hd0,0) > nul && echo ok ! echo fail root (hd0,0) > nul || echo fail ! echo ok The (hd0,0) is set to the current device, if successful, output ok, if unsuccessful, output fail. (The above two commands have the same effect) ============================== rootnoverify (hd0,0) Equivalent to root (hd0,0), but does not test the contents of the partition. This is used in some systems installed outside the GRUB can access the disk area, but still need to set the right circumstances the root partition. Some parameters need to be installed in order to determine the partition may be a problem. The following commands can be executed correctly, but would not replace the root: rootnoverify (hd0) ==============================
Device Types: (fd0) first floppy disk = (0x00) (fd1) second floppy = (0x01) (hd0) first hard = (0x80) (hd1) second hard drive = (0x81) [0xA0 - 0XFF are CD devices, so max is hd31] (hd-1) last hard disk Use (hd) to create a new virtual hard disk after the last hard disk, BIOS disk count will be incremented +! (cd0) first drive, equivalent to (hd32), --init created by cdrom (cd1) a second optical drive, which is equivalent to (hd33), --init created by cdrom Due to the ability to identify cdrom is too low, while optical devices on the market almost all been replaced by U disk, so (cd?) This format may be phased out. (hd0,0) on a hard disk of the first primary partition (hd0,4) on a hard disk first extended partition (hd-1,0) and finally the first primary partition a hard drive, or (hd-2,0) in this format, (hd-1, -1) not allowed in this format. (hd #, 0) of the first primary partition (hard disk on #) (hd #, 1) second primary partition (hard disk on #) (hd #, 2) third primary partition (# on the hard disk) (hd #, 3) fourth primary partition (hard disk on #) (hd #, 4) first logical partition (# on the hard disk) (hd #, 5) a second logical partition (on the hard disk #) (hd #, 6) a third logical partition (on the hard disk #) (hd #, 7) The fourth logical partitions (on hard disk #) (hd32) first optical drive = (0xA0) (hd33) second optical drive (0xFF) final drive (hd127) () The current disk (bd) the initial boot device (devices including disk and drive) (cd) from the CD to start, Grub4Dos captured bootable CD, if not booted from the CD, there is no (cd) device (ud) Fbinst way to start making a hidden partition (pd) PXE network boot device (nd) network drives, now is not commonly used (nd no longer exists and has been replaced by pd) (md) memory drive, to achieve the whole memory as a disk drive to visit (rd) random storage drives. (md) device accesses memory from physical address 0, has 512 byte 'sectors' (rd) can be accessed starting at any base memory address
Named in digital equipment: fd0 - fd126: 0x0 - 0x7E (virtual floppy diskettes and exclude 0x21 and 0x23) pxe: 0x21 (network boot device) ud: 0x23 (Fbinst hidden partition) rd: 0x7F (random memory storage drive) hd0 - hd30: 0x80 - 0x9E (hard disk and virtual hard disks) cd: 0x9F (captured bootable CD, this is not necessarily correct, depending on the bios may be) hd32 - hd127: 0xA0 - 0xFF (CD and virtual CD-ROM)
+1 Indicates the rest of the device following the first sector of a device as a single file view: (hd0)+1 will be the first sector of the entire hard disk as a file (of a sector) (hd0,0)+1 will be the first sector of the partition as a whole file (of a sector) (fd0)+1 will be the first sector of a floppy disk as a whole file (of a sector) (cd0)+1 will be the first sector of the entire disc as a file (of a sector - sectors usually 2048 bytes) (md)+1 will be the first sector of the entire memory as a file (of a sector) (rd)+1 this rather special, all the contents of the specified memory as a file [Note: (rd)+1 This always represent the file, which contains all the bytes are stored in the (rd) ]
Can also use + 2, + 3, etc., represents the first two or first three sectors viewed as a single file: (hd0)+2 first two sectors entire hard disk as a file (of two sectors) (hd0,0)+3 first three sectors throughout the district as a file (a total of three sectors) (fd0)+5 entire first 5 sectors of the floppy disk as a file (a total of five sectors) (cd0)+10 first 10 sectors of the entire disc as a file (of 10 sectors) (md)+32 32 sectors across the front of memory as a file (a total of 32 sectors) (rd)+2 first two sectors of the specified memory as a file (of two sectors)
You can also use a similar approach 32+5: (hd0)512+2 the first two sectors after 512 sectors of the entire hard drive as a file (two sectors) (hd0,0)1+3 The three sectors starting at the 2nd sector of the first partition as a file (a total of three sectors) (fd0)1+1 will be sector #2 of whole floppy disk as a file (one sector) (cd0)128+1 will be sector 128 as a file (one sector) (md)0+32 32 sectors the start of memory as a file (a total of 32 sectors) (rd)0+1 is equivalent to (rd) +1, all the contents of the specified memory as a file About the (rd) Device: (rd) devices only references the memory region, the memory area (rd) device is not being referenced protected, you can (rd) be interpreted as pointing to a block of memory pointer. In Grub4Dos, many things are free, unprotected, without limitation, (rd) is one of them. (rd) is not a int13 device, but merely a grub4dos device. In grub4dos inside presence (rd) device, but after entering the DOS, there is no (rd) equipment was. (rd)+1 always represents the entire contents (rd) device, rather than the first sector. You can get information (rd) device via the following address: set /a rdnum=*0x82CC # get the (rd) device number set /a rdbase=*0x82D0 # get the starting address (rd) devices set /a rdsize=*0x82D8 # get the total size (rd) devices Information can be freely set (rd) device through the following methods: map --ram-drive=0xFF7F # set (rd) device number of (rd) map --mem --rd-base=50000 # Set (rd) devices starting address map --mem --rd-size=30000 # Set (rd) devices the total size map (hd0,1)+1 (fd0) # map a partition as a floppy drive The following command only modifies the information (rd) devices: map --mem /FILE (rd) Here (rd) pointing a memory area which contains the content of /FILE file, but this memory is not protected, thus the memory at any time may be accessed by other code, and even modify Grub4Dos itself . The following commands also modifies the information (rd) devices, but (rd) memory area pointed to is protected, because it (fd0) overlap, and (fd0) is protected: map --mem /FILE (rd) map --mem /FILE (fd0) map --hook If do not change the order of the first two lines or it won't work! map --status Display the status of disk emulation.
map /PE.ISO (0xFF) map --hook The /PE.ISO mapped to (hd127) simulation disk, /PE.ISO must be continuously stored in the disk can not be fragmented. map /win.vhd (hd) map --hook Map file as next available hard disk and increment BIOS hard disk count. BIOS hard disk count is incremented if new disk is last BIOS disk+1 map --mem /PE.ISO (0xFF) map --hook /PE.ISO First loaded into memory, and then mapped to (hd127) simulation disk, /PE.ISO may have debris.
map --mem=-2880 /FLOPPY.IMG (fd0) map --hook /FLOPPY.IMG is first loaded into memory, and then mapped to (fd0) floppy disk emulation, (fd0) will occupy at least 1440KB (2880*512) of memory.
map --mem --top /BigPE.ISO (0xFF) map --hook The /BigPE.ISO loaded into high memory, and then mapped to (hd127) simulation disk to load the image into high memory can not use gzip compression, but not both achieve. In grub4dos, the memory is divided into at 3.25G high memory and low memory ends 3.25G mirroring can not cross this point. If your memory is less than 3.25G, you do not have the high-end memory available.
map --unmap=0xFF map --rehook Uninstall (hd127) disk emulation. You can not use --unmap=(0xFF) method to uninstall, - unmap= must be followed by a number. --rehook used to stop the simulation disk and frees up memory, equivalent --unhook then --hook (so it seems, map --unhook command does not seem to be used separately)
map --unmap=0,0x80,0xFF map --rehook Uninstall multiple simulations disks.
map --unmap=0:0xFF map --rehook Uninstall all disk emulation.
If you want to uninstall a device by device name using a different method, you can do: map (hd127) (hd127) map --rehook
map --read-only /FLOPPY.IMG (fd0) map --hook (fd0) can only read, cannot write, prevent /FLOPPY.IMG file is corrupted. Mapped to emulate disk files can all be modified, whether it is IMG, ISO, VHD, etc., unless --read-only parameter.
map --fake-write /FLOPPY.IMG (fd0) map --hook (fd0) is false writing state, data can be written, but not recording to the (fd0), preventing /FLOPPY.IMG file from corrupted. map --in-situ (hd0,4)+1 (hd0) used to map a logical partition as a primary partition by creating virtual MBR and PBR in memory which will be accessed by BIOS calls. Can be used to boot DOS-based OSs (DOS,Win95/98/Me) and trick it into thinking it is booting from a Primary partition. Unlike the partnew command, no change is made to the physical MBR or PBR.
map --unsafe-boot /FLOPPY.IMG (fd0) map --hook Allow modification boot sector. MBR is protected from writes unless --unsafe-boot is used - e.g. map --unsafe-boot (hd0,0)/image.vhd (hd1)
map --- disable-chs-mode /FLOPPY.IMG (fd0) map --hook Disable (fd0) of CHS access.
map --disable-lba-mode /FLOPPY.IMG (fd0) map --hook Disable (fd0) the LBA access.
map command can also be used to modify the information
(rd) random access memory, the above have said. map --top option to be used with --mem. Use --top --mem if the file is >2GB. map --mem will try to allocate memory at highest available address. map --mem-max=, map --mem-min options to be used before map --mem. Allow user to manually limit range of address that map --mem can use. function parses K,M,G,T suffix after number - e.g. map --mem-max=4G. map --mem will allocate memory even if the command fails due to insufficient RAM. Note: - after unhook disk emulation, unless you then do --unmap, mapped disks will again be automatically mapped on next --hook
============================== Disk swapping on the map command: # Intended to be mapped to the current device (hd0) map () (hd0) # Intend to (hd0) is mapped to the current device map (hd0) () # Begin mapping now map --rehook ============================== cdrom --init map --hook Mount ATAPI interface drive (You can access the map --hook) cdrom --stop map --rehook Uninstall ATAPI drive interface ============================== cat /menu.lst The display /menu.lst
cat --hex /grldr To display the contents in hexadecimal of /grldr
cat --skip=1024 /menu.lst display /menu.lst contents, skip the first 1KB
cat --length=10 /menu.lst display /menu.lst contents only the first 10 bytes
cat --locate="\ x20" /menu.lst Find two consecutive spaces (escape character + non escape character) in /menu.lst the (case-sensitive)
cat --locate=abc /menu.lst Find abc string (non-escaped characters) in /menu.lst the (case-sensitive)
cat --locatei=abc /menu.lst Find /menu.lst the string abc (case insensitive)
cat --locate=abc --number=3 /menu.lst Find abc string /menu.lst show only the results of the previous three found
cat --locate=abc --replace=def /menu.lst Find the abc string /menu.lst and replaced def
cat --locate=abc --replace=def --number=3 /menu.lst Find /menu.lst the abc string and replaced def, just replace the three former results found
cat --locate=abc --replace=def --locate-align=16 /menu.lst Find the abc string /menu.lst and replaced def, replace only 16 position aligned with results By the following command to see the effect of --locate-align=16: echo -n > /menu.lst cat --locate=\x0 --replace=1 /menu.lst cat /menu.lst cat --locate=1 --replace=0 --locate-align=16 /menu.lst cat /menu.lst
cat --length=0 ()-1 Fixed usage, access to the current partition address offset in bytes - e.g. %@retval% returns 0x7E00 (=63*512)
cat --length=0 () /menu.lst Get /menu.lst file size (if file >4GB then returns max 4GB) cat --length=0 ()/menu.lst > nul && echo exist ! echo not exist /menu.lst Determine whether there is a file, if it exists, then the output exist, otherwise the output not exist
Escape character summary: \nnn 1-3 octal character code representation (\377) octal maximum value of \377 (255 decimal), exceeding the 377 code will then be converted modulo 377, for example, \400 represents \0 \xnn a 2-digit hexadecimal chracters (0-9 A-F) (\x00-\xFF) code indicates that the maximum value of \xFF \ Blank space character \\ \ Character (backslash) \" " Character (double quotes) \' ' Character (single quotes) \a alert (bell) \b backspace \f formfeed \n newline \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab [Note: Performing cat --locate= or cat --locatei =, you can get the position of the last occurrence using %?%] For example: cat --locate=b /File > nul set /a Last=%?% > nul Explanation: cat --locate=a /File returns results like 29 35 48 99 but the variable ? is set to the position of the last byte found. With skill you can use &; operator to achieve this on one line (this does not work if you use &&) set Last=-1 && cat --locate=a /File &; set /a Last =%?% > nul sets a to a space character: set "a= " set multiple spaces before a string: set "a= here are spaces" cmp /menu.lst /m.lst Compares two files are identical.
cmp --hex /menu.lst /m.lst Compare two files are identical, and compare the results displayed in hexadecimal format.
cmp /menu.lst /m.lst > nul && echo same ! echo different Compare two files are the same, if the same, then the output same, otherwise the output different.
============================== dd command dd if=()/menu.lst of=()/m.lst Copy the contents of the /m.lst in /menu.lst
dd if=()/menu.lst of=() /m.lst bs=32 count=5 A block size of 32 (default 512), copy data from five blocks from /menu.lst into /m.lst
dd if=()/menu.lst of=()/m.lst bs=10 skip=5 seek=6 10 as block size, copy data from /menu.lst into /m.lst in. When copying, skip the first five blocks /menu.lst, and start reading from the first 6 blocks, a write, skip the first seven blocks /m.lst from the first eight blocks to start writing.
dd if=()/menu.lst of=()/m.lst buf=0x2000000 buflen=0x2000000 Copy the contents of the /m.lst /menu.lst, and when copying from 0x2000000 position memory (32M location) take 0x2000000 space (32M space) as a cache for copying large files, increasing the cache size dd can accelerate write speeds.
[Note: The source and target files must be present, the path must begin with a device name, the excess length of the file will be discarded, the target file can not be gz compressed files, source files can be compressed gz files, compressed files before replication be extracted. dd for the entire device can read and write operations: dd if=(fd0) of=(fd1), with caution. ] ============================== write and read write /menu.lst abc Abc written in three characters at the beginning /menu.lst file, overwriting the original characters. write /menu.lst "abc" Write five characters "abc" at the beginning /menu.lst files, overwrite the original characters. write /menu.lst \"abc\" Write five characters "abc" at the beginning /menu.lst files, overwrite the original characters. [Note: The string is written, in addition to the beginning of the space, other spaces, or single or double quotation marks do not need to escape, escape can be processed, the backslash must be escaped] [Note: The target file must exist, some beyond the length of the file will be discarded, the target file can not be gz compressed files, source files can be compressed gz files, compressed files before copying will be extracted. write commands to operate the equipment: write (fd0) abc, caution. ] write --bytes=2 0x8274 0x2001 If the object is not written to a file or device, but a number, this number represents a memory address, the address of the memory data write modified to specify the value of the data to be written must be an integer, not a string. Practice with the following memory address: write 0x50000 -1 read 0x50000 >> Address 0x50000: Value 0xffffffff write 0x50000 0 read 0x50000 >> Address 0x50000: Value 0x0 (four bytes, 32-bits) write --bytes=3 (md)0x300+1 \x00\x01\x02 where bytes n = 1-8 If target is FILE (not ADDR) then must specify byte string \x00\x01 etc. read 0x60000 Reads a 32-bit value from the specified location in memory, and displayed in hexadecimal form. read -8 0x6000 (64-bit read) [also calc *0x60000] 'raw write' and 'raw read' can be used to prevent decompression of gz or lzma source ==============================
Grub4dos itself to conventional memory usage situation is now as follows:
00000 ~ 0FFFF occupied grub4dos program code and stack. 10000 ~ 1FFFF grub4dos future for code and data retention. 20000 ~ 2FFFF is grub4dos geometry kernel automatically detect occupancy, as a buffer. 30000 ~ 37FFF occupied grub4dos kernel conventional disk read and write buffers. 38000 ~ 4FFFF grub4dos reserved for future expansion. 50000 ~ 7FFFF reserved for users 100,000 to 110,000 by the dd command of the disk buffer occupancy. [Note: The above content on memory allocation is not necessarily accurate, correct me hope developers]
==============================
calc 1 + 1 1 + 1 is calculated, you can do: + (plus), - (minus), * (multiplication), /(division),% (I), << (left), >> (right) , & (and), | (or), ^ (XOR)
calc 0xFF Display 0xFF decimal and hexadecimal results
calc *0x8280 Display integer value stored at the memory 0x8280
calc *0x50000=1 The integer value stored at the memory 0x50000 changed to 1
calc *0x50000=*0x8280 The integer value stored at the memory 0x50000 change to the integer value stored at 0x8280
calc *0x50000=1<<4 The integer value stored at the memory 0x50000 modify the results of the calculated (1<<4=16) [Note: In the set /a var=value in, value can be calculated using the above method: set /ab=*0x8280]
calc and set /a minus number can be treated as a negative, but to add a space after the minus sign, for example, the following code: set a=-32 set /a b=0-%a%
Above the set command can not calculate the value of 0--32, with the following wording can be calculated (add a space after the minus sign): set a=-32 set /a b=0- %a% Above the set command can calculate the value of 0- -32, the result is 32.
============================== checktime syntax checktime minutes hour dayofmonth month dayofweek(0-6) 0=Monday, 6=Sunday checktime Displays the current date and time the week
checktime * 0-12 * * * && echo morning ! echo pm Display different information according to different time. (Checktime points during the week day month) checktime * * * * 6,0 && echo weekend ! echo Weekday Display different information according to different time. (Checktime points during the week day month)
checktime * * * * * /2 && echo Fortnight ! echo single week Display different information according to different time. (Checktime points during the week day month)
checktime 0,1-59/15 * * * * && echo whole quarter of an hour ! echo quarter non-integer Display different information according to different time. (Checktime points during the week day month)
==============================
echo \\ Hello Output on the screen \\ Hello (end of the line will automatically add line breaks)
echo -n \\ Hello Output on the screen \\ Hello (end of the line does not automatically add a newline)
echo -e \\ Hello Output on the screen \ Hello (-e that handles the escape character)
echo -h Echo display color table support
echo $[0x1F]abc Use color table 1F at foreground and background colors display abc echo $[0x1F]abc$[0xE4]def Use color table 1F at foreground and background colors display abc, then use the foreground and background colors of the color table E4 def display echo $[0104]abc$[]fred Display abc in red and fred in current console colour. Bug: $[] must always be followed by a character or space or else strange characters are output. echo $[0xFFFFFF00FF0000]fred Display fred in red text on white background echo -P:0101 abc abc displayed in the first row and first column of the screen (must be a space after -P:xxxx)
echo -n > /menu.lst Empty the contents of the file /menu.lst 0.4.6a 2016+ echo -e /X00FC/x18 /Xhhhh displays unicode/UTF-8 characters (must load a font file). ==============================
pager on Open full screen page display mode [Hit Q to quit, any other key to continue]
pager off Close full screen page display mode
pager Toggle page display mode switch
pager status Output current page display full screen mode clear Clear the screen (to clear the contents displayed on the screen)
Part 2 - graphicsmode, vbeprobe, testvbe, setvbe, terminal, terminfo, font, background, foregroundgraphicsmode The current mode of display graphics
graphicsmode 0x12 Use vga mode (640 × 480), recommended vbe mode
graphicsmode 0x6A Use vga mode (800x600, camera support is not very good for some, there may be crashes), recommended vbe mode
graphicsmode -1 640 Use vbe mode, specify the resolution width of 640, if the width of the monitor does not support this resolution will fail
graphicsmode -1 800 600 Use vbe mode, specify the resolution width of 800 and a height of 600, if the monitor does not support this resolution will fail
graphicsmode -1 1024 768 32 Use vbe mode, specify the resolution width 1024, height 768, 32-bit color, if the monitor does not support this resolution or bit color, will fail
graphicsmode -1 100: 1000 100: 1000 Use vbe mode, the maximum available resolution width selected from the range of 100 to 1000, the maximum available height selected from the range of 100 to 1000 That is, the above command optional 320 × 200,320 × 400,640 × 400,640 × 480,800 × 600 resolution, etc., from which to select the highest resolution available
graphicsmode -1 100: 1000 100: 1000 24:32 Effect as above, but adds depth range of colors, the same, choose the highest color depth available in 24 colors and 32 colors in
[Note: grub4dos the vbe does not support 16-bit color depth and a lower, only supports 24-bit and 32-bit color depth. So, all of you graphicsmode command, you need to explicitly specify the color depth 24:32, can not be omitted. For example, the use of graphicsmode -1 and graphicsmode -1 800 600 is not entirely correct, it should be replaced respectively graphicsmode -1 -1 -1 24:32 and graphicsmode -1 800 600 24:32 considered right. ]
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vbeprobe Detection vbe information
vbeprobe 1024x768x32 Detection vbe information specified ?? not supported ???
vbeprobe 0x100 Detection vbe information specified graphics mode
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testvbe 800x600 Test specified vbe mode, direct calls sometimes Huaping setvbe 800x600x32 Before running to change the core of the system video mode, video mode information will be passed to the core. Huaping direct calls in most cases [Note: setvbe command is mainly to some Linux boot process graphical interface and design, is not normally. Recommends that you never use it. If you can avoid it, try to avoid using it. Linux is usually in your own startup process, will set themselves the appropriate graphics mode, rather than to go through the settings grub4dos job. Therefore, the future may ban this setvbe command. ]
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terminal console Select the text-mode terminal
terminal graphics Select the graphic mode terminals
terminal --no-echo graphics Select the graphic mode terminals, and does not display the characters entered by the user
terminal --font-spacing=1: 2 In vbe mode, set the kerning to a line spacing of 2 units: Like a few points.
[Note: For more on terminal usage does not know how to use, it seems irrelevant. ]
==============================
terminfo Display configuration information about the current terminal [Note: For more on the usage of terminfo not know how to use, it seems irrelevant. ]
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font /unifont.hex.gz Load the font file that displays characters in vbe mode (file in hex format, can be compressed as gzip or LZMA) default font height = 16 (may be 8 or 16 pixels wide) font --font-high=24 /sft.f24 also --simp= for chinese (unsure how to use??) Font Download: https://code.google.com/p/grub4dos-chenall/ http://bbs.wuyou.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=256198 0.4.6a 2016 - supports larger fonts - e.g. 24 (max 32 - Warning: 32 high will use more memory above (md)0xA0000) for fonts, download Easy2Boot (24-pixel high font files end in .f24) ============================== background 303030 Set the background color in vga mode, the other modes do not work foreground FFFF00 Set the foreground color in vga mode and other modes do not work
================================================== ======================================== Part 3 - halt, reboot, hide, unhide, hiddenflag, makeactive, partnew, parttype, blocklist, uuid, fstesthalt Shutdown (halt, there are many parameters, when something goes wrong when you go off to study its parameters it)
reboot Reboot (no arguments)
hide (hd0,0) Hide the first hard disk first primary partition
unhide (hd0,0) Unhide the first primary partition of the first hard disk ========== hiddenflag Displays the hidden status of current root device (for ud, cd, etc. do not work)
hiddenflag (hd0,0) Displays the first hard disk hidden status of the first primary partition
hiddenflag --set With the current device to hide
hiddenflag --set (hd0,0) The first hard disk first primary partition is set to hide (ie, if the original partition type is 0x07, now partition type 0x17)
hiddenflag --clear The current device is set to unhidden
hiddenflag --clear (hd0,0) The first hard disk first primary partition is set to appear (that is, if the original partition type is 0x17, now partition type 0x07)
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makeactive The current device is set to active
makeactive (hd0,0) The first hard disk first primary partition as active
makeactive --status Show whether the current device is active
makeactive --status (hd0,0) Displays the first hard disk is the first primary partition as active
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partnew [--active] partition type starting-sector number [length] or partnew --active partition type CONTIG_FILE
creates a new primary partition table entry with values corresponding to the start-sector+length or file-start+length e.g. partnew --active (hd0,3) 0 /_ISO/ubuntu.iso sets a partition of type 0 to start of ubuntu ISO - this partition will be automatically found and mounted by linux as CD filesystem. If type=0 (or 0x10 for hidden) then the partition type will be set automatically depending on file contents or type 0 if not. ==============================
parttype Display the current partition partition type
parttype (hd0,0) Display the partition type of the first hard disk first partition
parttype (hd0,0) 0x17 The type of the first partition of the first hard disk partition to 0x17
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blocklist /grldr Show file information block, ie the starting block and the block length of the local file. blocklist file pxe command can not be used on the device.
[Note: If a file is fragmented, blocklist file lists all the blocks, including debris, if too much debris beyond Grub4Dos buffer, the command will fail] If small NTFS file, then first (attribute $MFT) block is not reported. ==============================
uuid Column number at all devices uuid
uuid (hd0,0) Uuid number designated display device
uuid 000E0336000C1B8D Find uuid number 000E0336000C1B8D equipment, and set it to the current device
uuid (hd0,0) 000E0336000C1B8D && echo yes! echo no If (hd0,0) The uuid number 000E0336000C1B8D output yes, otherwise no output
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fstest Order to help developers create file system supports code set, end users do not need it.
================================================== ======================================== Part 4 - kernel, initrd, module, modulenounzip, chainloader, boot, pxe, quitkernel [--no-mem-option] [--type=TYPE] FILE [ARG ...] Try to load the master boot image file. Other items will be used as the kernel command line parameters passed to the kernel. Before using this command, the kernel used by the module should be reloaded. --type Parameter for describing the kernel types, including "netbsd", "freebsd", "openbsd", "linux", "biglinux" and "multiboot". --no-mem-option parameters for describing the Linux memory need not automatically pass mem parameter to linux
============================== initrd FILE [FILE2] [FILE...] Initialize the virtual disk to load Linux format, and set the necessary parameters. Specify start before the real root file system access, access ramdisk images in the system. By the following command to start the kernel and initrd Ubuntu 13.10 LiveCD: title starts Ubuntu 13.10 amd64 LiveCD # Find UBUNTU-13.10-X64.ISO where disk and set it as the current disk find --set-root /BOOT/UBUNTU/UBUNTU-13.10-X64.ISO # Try to load the master boot image file vmlinuz.efi, followed by the parameters passed to vmlinuz.efi. kernel /BOOT/UBUNTU/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan /filename=/BOOT /UBUNTU /UBUNTU-13.10-X64.ISO locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 # Load Linux virtual disk initialization format initrd.lz. initrd /BOOT/UBUNTU/initrd.lz Do not use multiple initrd lines for multiple image files, instead place all image files on same line, e.g. initrd /boot/file1 /boot/file2 /boot/file3 ============================== module FILE [ARG ...] For multiple boot image file to load the startup module (not handle the contents of the file, the user must determine their own core requirements). The remaining arguments as "fast-mode command-line" pass, like kernel command. This command is typically do not have access, when you want to start when the Linux system, and the system requirements for the load module file, will be used, related to the Linux system will be described, the average user can ignore this command. ============================== modulenounzip FILE [ARG ...]
Similar to the module, but disabled the automatic decompression. As above, the average user can ignore this command.
============================== chainloader chainloader /ntldr Load ntldr boot file
chainloader (hd0,0) +1 Load (hd0,0) first sector
chainloader +1 Load current of the first sector of the device chainloader --force (hd0,0) +1 Load (hd0,0) in the first sector, the sector started to ignore the validity of identity, forced to start [Note: chainloader there are many other parameters can be modified before the start of the CPU registers, but for the average user, these things will not be used, if you want to know more chainloader parameters, refer to "Grub4Dos help documentation "]
============================== boot Boot loaded operating system or chain loader sector, OK to start, usually with the use chainloader command in the menu file can be omitted, the command line mode requires. chainloader /ntldr boot Load ntldr boot file, and then start. boot -1 Call the BIOS int18 function, according to BIOS boot order set to start next device. boot --int18 As above, call the BIOS int18 function, according to BIOS boot order set to start next device.
============================== pxe This command is more complex, later studies, the first local start to get to know. See http://diddy.boot-land.net/grub4dos/files/pxe.htm The default, embedded menu in grldr contains pxe detect command - so grldr will automatically look for a PXE server and load a menu file from the server if one is found. 1. pxe If used without any parameter, pxe command will display current settings. 2. pxe blksize N Set the packet size for tftp transmission. Minimum value is 512, maximum value is 1432. This parameter is used primarily for very old tftp server where packet larger than 512 byte is not supported. 3. pxe basedir /dir Set the base directory for files in the tftp server. If pxe basedir /tftp then all files in the pxe device is related to directory /tftp, for example, (pd)/aa.img correspond to /tftp/aa.img in the server. The default value of base directory is the directory of the boot file, for example, if boot file is /tftp/grldr, then default base directory is /tftp. 4. pxe keep Keep the PXE stack. The default behaviour of GRUB4DOS is to unload the PXE stack just before it exits. Note: Do not use pxe keep if you first boot via PXE to grub4dos and then load grub4dos again to boot from a disk, otherwise grub4dos will just try to PXE boot again! 5. pxe unload Unload the PXE stack immediately. Does not work if pxe keep has been used. ============================= quit If you are entering the GRUB environment from DOS environment, use this command to return to the DOS environment. quit --disable-a20 Use --disable-a20 parameter - A20 line will be disabled when the transfer control to DOS.
================================================== ======================================== Part 5 - configfile, default, savedefault, timeout, title, iftitle, hiddenmenu, password, lock, md5crypt, commandline, gfxmenu, splashimage, color, outlineUse the command line or menu file: configfile /menu.lst Load current menu file in the root directory of the device /menu.lst.
configfile (hd0,0) /menu.lst #load (hd0,0) /menu.lst
configfile (md)4+8 Special usage, use grldr built-in menu. (md)4 is start of embedded menu.lst file. To reset default config file path to use the built-in menu : write 0x307ff8 1 && configfile [Note: configfile command is executed, the current device and the current directory will be updated at the same time as the device FILE file. If configfile command without any parameters in the initialization of the built-in menu command group, then control is transferred to the menu.lst file to start the device. ] configfile Load the last used configuration file (or \menu.lst from the current root) ==============================
Before use all menu items:
default 0 The first menu item is selected by default (if the user does not manually select words)
default saved The default selection is set to the last savedefault saved menu item (savedefault executed in menu item, the default saved to /default file)
default /FILE The default selection is set to the last savedefault save menu item (savedefault executed in menu item, the default saved to /FILE file) e.g. default default is often used where default is a 2048-byte file.
[Note: /default file or /FILE file must be 2048 bytes in size]
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Used in the menu items:
savedefault The current menu item as the default menu is saved to /default or the default command to specify the /FILE in.
savedefault --wait=5 The current menu item to save as the default menu /default or the default command to specify the /FILE, the first five seconds to save the user a hint: About to write the entry number x to file Press Y to allow or N to deny. If the user does not press the Y button, the default within five seconds does not save menu item.
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Before use all menu items:
timeout 10 Menu list appears after 10 seconds, if the user does not manually select the default menu item to perform.
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title menu title Specifies the text of the menu item title
title menu title \ n menu prompts the first line \ n menu prompts the second line \ n ... The title text and text prompts to specify the menu item
[Note: If the menu item does not start sensitive command, the menu key to select the vertical direction is not only key to select the right direction. ]
Start sensitive command: boot, chainloader, configfile, command, commandline, halt, kernel, pxe, quit, reboot
You can do the following in the menu list interface: e: Edit the current boot menu items b: Start the current menu item c: enter the grub command line p: enter password (if set) You can do the following in the Edit menu item: e: Edit the current row d: Delete the current line o: insert a new row below the current row O: to insert a new row above the current row b: Start the current menu c: enter the grub command line esc: Returns the grub menu list, cancel any changes made to the current menu item
[Note: The changes to the menu's only temporary, only valid for this start]
At the command line you can do the following: esc: Returns the grub menu list
In the menu list, you can press the number keys to select the menu, if you want to select a menu item 9 above, you can press the number key twice, for example, to select the first 25 menu items, you can press 2 and then press 5 (menu number from 0 began, that number is zero first menu).
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iftitle [if exist (hd0,0) /bootmgr] start (hd0,0) in NT6.x If [] the condition is TRUE then display the menu else do not display the menu There must be no space after [ character or before ] character.
============================== Before all menu items: hiddenmenu 3 Does not display the menu list, use the menu item 3 start within the timeout time, press any key to display the menu list.
hiddenmenu --chkpass=0x5700 Does not display the menu list, use the default start menu items, within the timeout time press the F11 key to display the menu list.
[Note: If you do not know the key code can use pause --test-key command to get the function]
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Used in menu items, or until all the menu items:
password password Lock on the menu, look at the following example:
title menu title password 123 commandline To do this you need to enter the password menu 123
title menu title password --md5 $1$JS/2$CKT61E11gzkdEKQnEpqjhS1 commandline To do this you need to enter the password menu 123 (123 is the result of md5 password encryption)
timeout 10 default 0 password 123 Menu 1 title commandline Menu 2 title commandline Locking the entire menu list, the menu list is not locked after pressing the e key to edit, you can not press the c key to enter the command line, you can use these features unlocked at the menu list interface, press p key to enter the unlock password .
[Note: To get the md5 encoded string, you can perform md5crypt 123]
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Used in the menu items:
lock Lock the current menu, to enter after the need to unlock. Look at the following examples:
timeout 10 default 0 password 123 Menu 1 title lock commandline Menu 2 title commandline Unlock the front, "Menu 1" can not be executed. After unlocking by pressing p and entering the password, "Menu 1" and "Menu 2" can be executed
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Used in the command line:
md5crypt abc Gets a string abc of md5 encoded.
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Used in the menu items:
commandline Grub4Dos enter the command line.
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Before use all menu items:
gfxmenu /message Use /message graphic menu
Because gfxmenu compatibility with Grub4Dos bad, so I do not recommend the use of
============================== splashimage: display a bitmap or jpg. Before use all menu items: In vbe mode, you can use 24-bit color or 32-color BMP or JPG format (not XPM in latest versions) format picture as a background. splashimage:splashimage [--offset=[type]=[x]=[y]] FILE type: bit 7:transparent background splashimage --fill-color=[0xrrggbb] splashimage --animated=[type]=[duration]=[last_num]=[x]=[y] START_FILE type: bit 0-3:times bit 4:repeat forever bit 5:wait time bit 7:transparent background type=00:disable duration: [10] unit is a tick. [10:ms] units are milliseconds, naming rules for START_FILE: *n.??? n: 1-9 or 01-99 or 001-999 hotkey F2,control animation: play/stop. Load FILE as the background image when in graphics mode. bmp or jpg can be compressed using gzip or grub4dos LZMA utility. Progressive format JPEG files not supported (use MSPaint to re-save it). XPM no longer supported. fill-color will fill the whole screen with a single rgb colour For fastest animation - add bitmaps to a floppy.ima file and load to memory
map --read-only --mem /_ISO/DNA.ima (fd3)
map --hook
splashimage --animated=0x90=1=120=550=0 (fd3)/DNA_orbit_animated_frame_0001.bmp
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Before use all menu items: color normal=0xFFFFFF highlight=0xFF0000 Set menu is not selected for the white, select the menu for the red
color heading=0x0000FF helptext=0x00FF00 Color information is provided in the top menu is blue, the color information of the Help menu is green
color standard=0xFFFFFF Set the text color to white console
color border=0xFF00FF Set menu border color magenta (VBE mode active)
color normal=0xFFFFFF highlight=0xFF0000 heading=0x0000FF helptext=0x00FF00 standard=0xFFFFFF border=0xFFFF00 All of the above and set the color
color 0xFFFFFF 0xFF0000 0x0000FF 0x00FF00 0xFFFFFF 0xFFFF00 All of the above and set the color (if the order is set, you can omit the state flag)
color 0xFFFFFF 0xFF0000 Set menu is not selected for the white, select the menu for the red (if the order is set, you can omit the state flag)
[Note: 0xFFFFFF represents the three colors red, green and blue values: 0xRRGGBB]
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Before use all menu items:
outline on Open the outline of a character display mode graphics mode.
outline off Character outline closed graphics mode display mode.
outline Character contour switch graphics mode display mode.
outline status Character outline shows the current graphics mode display mode.
[Note: Since the background when the cause is unclear handwriting when you can try to open the show, it will get better display effect]
================================================== ======================================== Part 6 - call, exit, shift, goto, set, setlocal, endlocal, if, checkrange, errorcheck, errnum, fallback, pause, command, insmod, delmodcall: Label 1 Parameter 1 Parameter 2 ... Go to the "Label 1" line and execute: eof office returns, by goto: eof or exit can jump to: eof place.
! BAT # Note:! Header BAT is necessary, which is used to identify a batch script Grub4Dos # Save this file as test, and then enter the command line test Grub4Dos execute it call:! label1 Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Parameter 3 Parameter 4 Parameter 5 Parameter 6 && echo ok echo fail call:! label2 Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Parameter 3 Parameter 4 Parameter 5 Parameter 6 && echo ok echo fail end echo script exit : label1 echo% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9 exit 0 : label2 echo% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1 exit 1
Label1 call and get the return value, the return value is displayed ok or fail Label2 call and get its return value, the return value is displayed ok or fail label1 always returns true label2 always returns false
call can refresh the environment variables into a new environment, such as the following code: iftitle [find --set-root --devices=h /bootmgr && call set bootmgr=%@root^%] load BOOTMGR of Windows VISTA /WIN7 /WIN2008 on %bootmgr% If not call the --set-root can not take effect immediately.
Also note here that the entire command line is parsed before execution, parsing process, which will be replaced with the actual value of the variable. %@root^% wording is to prevent parsing command line when it is extended to the actual value, but to extend it to a string% @ root%, so that the next time resolve to continue to expand. Time when the find --set-root --devices=h /bootmgr executed successfully, you need to perform && call set bootmgr =% @ root ^% (% @ root ^% at this time has been extended to %@root%) of , but also the implementation of a resolution, this time will be %@root% expands to the actual value.
============================== exit Jump to the script file: eof at (the end of the script file). Function with goto: eof ============================== shift Batch-specific, discarding the first argument, the following parameters to move forward. shift 3 Batch-specific, discarding the third parameter, the following parameters to move forward. [Note: Grub4Dos can use the% 1 to% 9 parameters, which means that all the parameters% remaining 9]
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goto :label1 Batch files only, go to the "Label1" at the execution, does not return, do not support arguments. Max label length 8 characters. Later 2018 versions may support goto if used under a menu title or iftitle entry and can use variable, e.g. goto :%RET% Must always precede label with colon. Max 128 labels per batch file. goto 3 Go to the menu item and run immediately. Used in menu files only. Must use errorcheck on (does not work if errorcheck off). e.g. errorcheck on
goto +1 Go to the next menu entry (can use -n or +n) ============================== set variable names max 8 characters set a=123 Setting a value of a string variable 123
set /a a=123 Setting a value of decimal integer variable 123
set /A a=123 Set the variable a hexadecimal integer value 0x7B
set /a a=123 + 4 Setting variables a decimal integer value 127 (refer to calc command)
set /A a=123 + 4 Set the variable a hexadecimal integer value 0x7F (refer calc command)
set a Show the value of a variable
set a = To delete a variable
set *0x8280=0x80 Set integer value at memory address 0x8280 0x80
set A list of all the variables listed set * clears all variables set * && set fred=%fred% clears all variables except fred
set a=abcdef set len_a =%@retval% %@retval% length by taking the last set of variables
set a=abcdef && set /a len_a=*0x4cb00 Length *0x4cb00 get through the last set of variables [Note: The variable name up to eight characters, variable content of up to 512 bytes, only 60 variables can be set] set /p ask=Please enter a word : prompt for input set /p:3 ask=Please enter a word within 3 seconds : prompt for input, with timeout ============================== setlocal and endlocal Variables and endlocal setlocal between local variables, see the following examples:
set a=123 setlocal set a=4 echo %a% endlocal echo %a% endlocal between setlocal and assigned to a 4, but this does not affect the variable before setlocal set a, after endlocal, a recovery value of the variable before 123.
setlocal @ and endlocal @ Variables and endlocal setlocal between local variables, setlocal @ and endlocal @ across script file exists.
[Note: setlocal @ setlocal will fail before, setlocal setlocal @ After cross-script. ]
endlocal && set fred=%fred% && set doris=%doris% sets fred and doris after endlocal ==============================
if #%a%==#123 echo ok If the value of a variable equal to 123 output ok
if #%a%<=#123 echo ok If the variable is equal to a value of less than 123 output ok
if #%a%>=#123 echo ok If the variable is equal to a value greater than 123 output ok Note: if 0f>=0g echo ok does not work correctly, when comparing strings or numbers+strings, ensure first character begins with a non-numerical character - e.g. #0f>-#0g if #%a%>=#abc echo ok If the value of a variable equal to the output string abc ok (case-sensitive)
if /i #%a%>=#abc echo ok If the value of a variable equal to the output string abc ok (ignoring case)
if #%a%==# echo ok If the variable a value is empty then the output ok
if #%a% == # 123 && echo ok If the value of a variable equal to 123 output ok
if #%a%==#123 || echo fail If the variable is not equal to a value of 123 outputs fail
if not #%a%==#123 echo fail If the variable is not equal to a value of 123 outputs fail
if exist a echo ok If there is a variable output ok
if not exist a echo fail If there is a variable output fail
if exist /grldr && echo ok ! echo fail If the file /grldr output ok, otherwise the output fail
Determine the existence of a file or directory on the drive is invalid, for example (ud) /: if exist /FILE && echo file or directory exists ! echo the file or directory does not exist
Determine whether a file exists: (may not work on all filesystem!) cat --length=0 /FILE && echo file exists ! echo file does not exist Determine whether there is a directory on the drive is invalid, for example (ud) /: cat --length=0 /FILE && echo directory does not exist || if exist /FILE && echo directory exists! echo directory does not exist
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checkrange range command && success ! failure If the "order" of the return value in the "range" then "success", otherwise "failure."
checkrange 23 calc 20 + 3 && echo ok! echo fail If the value of 20 + 3 is in range of 23, the output ok, otherwise output fail
checkrange 0x21,0x23,0x80 read 0x8280 && echo ok ! echo fail If you read from 0x8280 a value of 0x21 or 0x23 or 0x80 then output ok, otherwise output fail
checkrange 0:100 calc %a% && echo ok ! echo fail If the variable is a value between 0-100, the output ok, otherwise output fail
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errorcheck on Open the error checking, error is encountered terminates execution
errorcheck off Close the error checking, error encountered in the implementation will be ignored until it is finished
errorcheck Switching error checking mode
errorcheck status Displays the current error checking mode
[Note: errorcheck command controls whether the error is processed. Errorcheck is enabled by default, that is, when an error occurs command script will stop executing. If errorcheck is off, the script has been executed to boot command (ie under the off state, fallback commands will fail). A boot command to check into the wrong turn]
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errnum Returns an error code on a command. If the command is not an error, it returns an error code of 0, otherwise it returns an appropriate error code.
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fallback 3 If the current menu item execution error, then transferred to the third menu item to proceed. This command is only used in the menu for unattended boot mode: If the menu item execution error, without waiting for the user to operate, immediately jump to the first three menu items continue to default.
============================== pause returns TRUE if a key is pressed or FALSE if ESC is pressed pause Press any key to continue && echo A key was pressed ! echo ESC was pressed pause press any key to continue Continue to run the command after a pause, and give some message, press any key.
pause --wait=10 press any key to continue Continue to run the command after a pause, and give some message, press any key. If you do not press any key within 10 seconds, then automatically return to the command line.
pause --test-key After executing the command, press any key to display the scan code.
pause && set /a key=*0x4CB00 ! set key = Pause command to run, after pressing any key to continue, and the keys are stored in the variable key in ASCII code. If you press the ESC key, then delete the variable key. 0x4cb00 is BIOS data area location of last key press.
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command Displays the current location specified external command
command --set-path=/boot /grub Specify the location of external commands /boot /grub
command RUN /pe.iso Find RUN and execute external commands, parameters /pe.iso
command /boot /RUN /pe.iso Execute external commands /boot /RUN, the parameters for /pe.iso
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